Sukarno founded a Department of Religious Affairs to organize and deal with accepted religions, which had to be monotheistic with a re-vealed holy book, prophet, and universal ethical teachings. By law, reli-gion could not be limited to a single ethnic group, but when Bali was integrated into the Republic of Indonesia in 1950, religious problemsAn estimated 500 people in Indonesia have gone to fight for Islamic State in Syria. That sounds a lot until you compare it with the estimated 700 from the UK who are thought to have done the same Just 40% of Hindus, 23% of Jains and 18% of both Buddhists and Sikhs in India say they believe in reincarnation. Similarly, although miracles are central to the story of Jesus in Christian scripture, only about half of India’s Christians (48%) say they believe in miracles. On a variety of religious beliefs measured by the survey, there are This is why we propose that it is important to gain a deeper understanding of the relationship of religious identity and national identity. Religious-based political action can not only exert a strong influence on societies (Kanas & Martinovic, 2017; Verkuyten, Maliepaard, Martinovic, & Khoudja, 2014), but it can affect group processes and identities at work in religious collective action
Indonesia is a hugely diverse nation. It is made up of over 17,500 islands (6,000 of which are inhabited) which are home to over 300 ethnic groups. Each province has its own language, ethnic make-up, religions and history. Most people will define themselves locally before nationally.
On the whole the Indonesian people are regarded as religious in nature.Indonesia’s religious make-up is composed of three essential elements: 1) “priyayi”, Islam, with classical Hindu Buddhist elements, practiced mainly among the educated urban classes; 2) “santri”, orthodox Islam, most common among merchant and landowners; and 3
The Philippines proudly boasts to be the only Christian nation in Asia. More than 86 percent of the population is Roman Catholic, 6 percent belong to various nationalized Christian cults, and another 2 percent belong to well over 100 Protestant denominations. In addition to the Christian majority, there is a vigorous 4 percent Muslim minority For example, Indonesia is not a religious state. However, religious acknowledgement is powerful in Indonesia, as evidenced in Article 29, paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, that the State guarantees the independence of each resident to embrace their religion and worship according to their religion and beliefs. The Government of Indonesia officially recognizes the two main Christian divisions in Indonesia, Protestantism and Roman Catholicism, as two separate religions. Protestantism The Dutch policy to ban Catholicism significantly increased the percentage of Protestant believers in Indonesia. QfEBb98.